Module 1 – August 17 to Sept. 11, 2026 (4weeks)

Restoration of Paper Documents and Art on Paper

Program Director: Konstantinos Choulis

Module 1

Workshop, 100 hours

Identification and Restoration of Paper Documents and Art on Paper

Instructors:Konstantinos Choulis,Claudia Giostrella

1) Safety Issues in paper and book restoration workshops

  • Toxic materials and conditions in the laboratory

  • Toxic conditions found in the field

  • Prevention and safety

  • Instruments: Gloves, masks, eye protection, ventilation

  • Proper disposal

 

2) Organization of a restoration lab

  • Instruments, procedures, layouts

 

3) Definitions and glossary

  • Book structure, paper terms, and procedures 

4) Identification of materials

  • Identifying writing media: Papyrus, parchment, paper types (handmade, oriental, machine made, coated, imitation)

  • Identifying Inks and other writing media: Carbon, graphite, chalk, pastels, soot, iron gall, printing ink, synthetic

  • Identifying writing and printing methods: Handwriting, wood block, movable type, typewriting, photocopy, photo lithographs, Linotype, etc.

5) Identification of library and archival materials

  • Libraries: Scrawls, manuscripts, medieval codexes, printed books

  • Archives: Letters, certificates, diplomas, contracts, posters, passports, receipts – bills, diaries, drawings, architectural projects, photographs, maps, stamps, albums, free documents

 6) Traditional Art and Printmaking workshop:
woodcut , engraving, etching, aquatint, lithography, linotype, serigraphy
Handwriting, and handmade art: graphite, charcoal, pastels, wax, watercolor 

7)    Italian Theory of Restoration

8) Restoration of Paper documents and Art on paper

  • Analysis and documentation of existing conditions

  • Consolidation: mending, patching, lining

  • Cleaning: dry, wet

  • Presentation: treatment of lacunae, retouching

  • Documentation of restoration work

Module 1

Theory class 1, 24 hours

History of Writing, Writing Media and Image Making on Paper

Instructor: Melania Zanetti

1)  History of writing (an overview)

  • Writing systems: Pictograms, Hieroglyphs, Ideograms, Cuneiform, syllabic, Abugida, Abjads, Alphabets

  • Evolution of writing: Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and East Asia, India, Mesoamerica, Mediterranean and Western Europe

  • Western Paleography / Codicology

 2)  History of writing media (an overview)

History of writing media (stone, bone, wood, bamboo, clay tablets, wax tablets, papyrus, palm leaves, bark, metal, parchment, paper)

  Handmade paper

  • History of paper (Chinese paper, Amate, Korean paper, Japanese paper, Indian paper, Middle Eastern paper.  Al-Andalus: Xativa; Italy: Fabriano, Amalfi, Treviso, France-Troyes, Holland; Germany: Nuremberg)

  • Types of handmade paper – raw material

    Plants (bark amate, bast fibers, rattan, mulberry, hibiscus, blue sandal wood)

    Rags (linen, cotton, hemp)

  • Paper molds – Far east, Islamic, and Western manufacture

  • Sizing materials (vegetable or animal matter)

  • Watermarks (chain lines/chiaroscuro/light and shade) and/or other marks in the paper sheet

  Machine-made industrial papers (after 1844)

  • Sources of materials (wood pulp containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin)

  • Sizing (starch; animal gelatin; aluminum potassium sulfate, AKA alum; rosin)

  • Paper formation process

3) History of Printing

4) History of image making on paper

Module 1

Theory class 2, 24 hours

Materials, Physics and Chemistry

Instructor: Alfonso Zoleo

 Field trip

1)    Materials: Physics and Chemistry
•    Handmade paper
•    Industrial papers
•    Sizing
•    Coatings
•    Inks
•    Pigments
•    Binders

2)    Factors of deterioration

•    Chemical (Inherent)
•    Environmental
•    Biological
•    Anthropic

Module 1

Field trips

  • Fabriano
    Parchment maker 
    Paper Museum

  • Modern paper factory

  • Visit to Art printing shop

  • Visit to modern printer

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