Module 1 – August 17 to Sept. 11, 2026 (4weeks)
Restoration of Paper Documents and Art on Paper
Program Director: Konstantinos Choulis
Module 1
Workshop, 100 hours
Identification and Restoration of Paper Documents and Art on Paper
Instructors:Konstantinos Choulis,Claudia Giostrella
1) Safety Issues in paper and book restoration workshops
Toxic materials and conditions in the laboratory
Toxic conditions found in the field
Prevention and safety
Instruments: Gloves, masks, eye protection, ventilation
Proper disposal
2) Organization of a restoration lab
Instruments, procedures, layouts
3) Definitions and glossary
Book structure, paper terms, and procedures
4) Identification of materials
Identifying writing media: Papyrus, parchment, paper types (handmade, oriental, machine made, coated, imitation)
Identifying Inks and other writing media: Carbon, graphite, chalk, pastels, soot, iron gall, printing ink, synthetic
Identifying writing and printing methods: Handwriting, wood block, movable type, typewriting, photocopy, photo lithographs, Linotype, etc.
5) Identification of library and archival materials
Libraries: Scrawls, manuscripts, medieval codexes, printed books
Archives: Letters, certificates, diplomas, contracts, posters, passports, receipts – bills, diaries, drawings, architectural projects, photographs, maps, stamps, albums, free documents
6) Traditional Art and Printmaking workshop:
woodcut , engraving, etching, aquatint, lithography, linotype, serigraphy
Handwriting, and handmade art: graphite, charcoal, pastels, wax, watercolor
7) Italian Theory of Restoration
8) Restoration of Paper documents and Art on paper
Analysis and documentation of existing conditions
Consolidation: mending, patching, lining
Cleaning: dry, wet
Presentation: treatment of lacunae, retouching
Documentation of restoration work
Module 1
Theory class 1, 24 hours
History of Writing, Writing Media and Image Making on Paper
Instructor: Melania Zanetti
1) History of writing (an overview)
Writing systems: Pictograms, Hieroglyphs, Ideograms, Cuneiform, syllabic, Abugida, Abjads, Alphabets
Evolution of writing: Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and East Asia, India, Mesoamerica, Mediterranean and Western Europe
Western Paleography / Codicology
2) History of writing media (an overview)
History of writing media (stone, bone, wood, bamboo, clay tablets, wax tablets, papyrus, palm leaves, bark, metal, parchment, paper)
Handmade paper
History of paper (Chinese paper, Amate, Korean paper, Japanese paper, Indian paper, Middle Eastern paper. Al-Andalus: Xativa; Italy: Fabriano, Amalfi, Treviso, France-Troyes, Holland; Germany: Nuremberg)
Types of handmade paper – raw material
Plants (bark amate, bast fibers, rattan, mulberry, hibiscus, blue sandal wood)
Rags (linen, cotton, hemp)
Paper molds – Far east, Islamic, and Western manufacture
Sizing materials (vegetable or animal matter)
Watermarks (chain lines/chiaroscuro/light and shade) and/or other marks in the paper sheet
Machine-made industrial papers (after 1844)
Sources of materials (wood pulp containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin)
Sizing (starch; animal gelatin; aluminum potassium sulfate, AKA alum; rosin)
Paper formation process
3) History of Printing
4) History of image making on paper
Module 1
Theory class 2, 24 hours
Materials, Physics and Chemistry
Instructor: Alfonso Zoleo
Field trip
1) Materials: Physics and Chemistry
• Handmade paper
• Industrial papers
• Sizing
• Coatings
• Inks
• Pigments
• Binders
2) Factors of deterioration
• Chemical (Inherent)
• Environmental
• Biological
• Anthropic
Module 1
Field trips
Fabriano
Parchment maker
Paper Museum
Modern paper factory
Visit to Art printing shop
Visit to modern printer